COURSE OBJECTIVES

Understanding the principles of pharmacology is the basis of safe and effective drug utilization for the treatment of diseases and foundation for the development of new drugs.This course is designed to demonstration pharmacological action of a drug in a laboratory setting to develop practical understanding of the drug action on isolated tissue, organ or the whole organism, the possible underlying mechanism/receptor involvement and illustration of drug interaction.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLO)

CLO: 1. Describe action of a given drug on specific organs or systems, theory and principles of the experiments to study pharmacological effects of a drug and physico-chemical requirements for optimum working of an isolated tissue.
CLO: 2. Demonstrate pharmacological action of a drug on specified tissue, organ or system through ex-vivo or in-vivo experiments.
CLO: 3. Analyze the given data and graphs and interpret the results.

COURSE CONTENTS

    1. To study the convulsant effects of strychnine and picrotoxin in frogs and to determine the site of action.
    2. To identify the unknown (convulsant) drug and determine its site of action.
    3. To study the effects of Adrenaline on Human Eyes.
    4. To study the effects of Pilocarpine on Human Eyes.
    5. To study the effect of Homatropine on Human Eyes.
    6. To identify and observe the effects of unknown drugs on Human Eyes.
    7. To study the effects of local anaesthetic drugs on human and the nerve plexus of frog.
    8. To identify and differentiate the effects of unknown drug on human and the nerve plexus of frog.
    9. To demonstrate the effects of Acetylcholine on the Rectus abdominus muscle of frog and competitive pharmacological antagonism by Neuromuscular blocking agent e.g. Gallamine.
    10. To identify the unknown drug by performing pharmacological competitive antagonism on Rectus abdominus muscle of Frog.
    11. To study the anti-coagulant effects of Heparin and oral anti-coagulants on Rabbits.
    12. To identify the unknown anticoagulant drug using Rabbits
    13. To demonstrate the Graded Dose-Response curve of Acetylcholine on Rabbit intestine.
    14. To identify unknown concentration of Acetylcholine from Graded Dose-Response curves.
    15. To demonstrate the general anesthetic effect on rabbits.
    16. To demonstrate the effect of sedatives and hypnotics on rabbits.
    17. To demonstrate the anti-nociceptive (analgesic) effect on mice.
    18. To demonstrate antidepressant effect in rats (forced swimming test, tail suspension test, Yohimbine lethality test).

Note: A minimum of 10 practicals would be conducted.